a) \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{4}{80}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{146.5\%}{36,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: CuO + 2HCl --> CuCl₂ + H₂O

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,05}{1}< \dfrac{0,2}{2}\) => CuO hết, HCl dư

=> dd sau phản ứng chứa CuCl₂, HCl dư

b) 

PTHH: CuO + 2HCl --> CuCl₂ + H₂O

           0,05-->0,1------>0,05

m_{dd sau pư} = 4 + 146 = 150 (g)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{CuCl_2}=\dfrac{0,05.135}{150}.100\%=4,5\%\\C\%_{HCldư}=\dfrac{\left(0,2-0,1\right).36,5}{150}.100\%=2,433\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) 

PTHH: NaOH + HCl --> NaCl + H₂O

            CuCl₂ + 2NaOH --> 2NaCl + Cu(OH)₂

             0,05--------------------------->0,05

             Cu(OH)₂ --t^o--> CuO + H₂O

               0,05----------->0,05

=> \(a=m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,05.98=4,9\left(g\right)\)

=> \(b=m_{CuO}=0,05.80=4\left(g\right)\)

1)

a)

$CaO + 2HCl \to CaCl_2 + H_2O$
$CaCO_3 + 2HCl \to CaCl_2 + CO_2 + H_2O$

$n_{CaCO_3} = n_{CO_2} = 0,2(mol)$
$n_{CaCl_2} = 0,3(mol)$

Suy ra: 

$n_{CaO} = 0,3 - 0,2 = 0,1(mol)$
$\%m_{CaO} = \dfrac{0,1.56}{0,1.56 + 0,2.100}.100\% = 21,875\%$

$\%m_{CaCO_3} = 78,125\%$

b) 

$m_{dd} = 0,1.56 + 0,2.100 + 50 - 0,2.44 = 66,8(gam)$
$C\%_{CaCl_2} = \dfrac{33,3}{66,8}.100\% = 49,85\%$

Câu 4 : 

a)

Gọi $n_{Fe} = a(mol) ; n_{MgO} = b(mol)$

Suy ra: $56a + 40b = 19,2(1)$

$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
$MgO + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2O$
Theo PTHH : $n_{HCl} = 2a + 2b = 0,4.2 = 0,8(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = b = 0,2

$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,2.56}{19,2}.100\% = 58,33\%$
$\%m_{MgO} = 100\% -58,33\% = 41,67\%$

b)

$n_{FeCl_2} = a = 0,2(mol)$
$n_{MgCl_2} = b = 0,2(mol)$

$m_{muối} = 0,2.127 + 0,2.95 = 44,4(gam)$

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{33,3}{111}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

PTHH: \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2\uparrow+H_2O\)

                    0,2_____0,4_____0,2____0,2_____0,2  (mol)

            \(CaO+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O\)

                 0,1_____0,2_____0,1____0,1    (mol)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CaO}=0,1\cdot56=5,6\left(g\right)\\m_{CaCO_3}=0,2\cdot100=20\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CaO}=\dfrac{5,6}{5,6+20}\cdot100\%=21,875\%\\\%m_{CaCO_3}=78,125\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{CO_2}=0,2\cdot44=8,8\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{dd\left(sau.p/ứ\right)}=m_{CaO}+m_{CaCO_3}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{CO_2}=66,8\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{33,3}{66,8}\cdot100\%\approx49,85\%\)

nCO2=\(\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\) mol

nCaCl₂=\(\dfrac{33,3}{111}=0,3\)

CaCO₂ + 2HCl → CaCl₂ + CO₂ + H₂O

  0,2           ←         0,2    ← 0,2

CaO + 2HCl  → CaCl₂ + H₂O     

 0,1              ←    0,1

a)  % CaO=\(\dfrac{0,1.56}{0,1.56+0,2.100}.100\%=21,875\%\)    

   % CaCO₃ =100% - 21,875%= 78,125%

b) a = mCaO+mCaCO₃ =0,1.56+0,2.100=25,6g

mdd sau pư= a + mddHCl - mCO2

                  = 25,6 + 50 - 0,2.44=66,8g

C%CaCl₂=\(\dfrac{33,3}{66,8}.100\%\simeq49,85\%\)

a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2A + 2nHCl --> 2AlCl_n + nH₂

           \(\dfrac{0,5}{n}\)<-------------------0,25

=> \(M_A=\dfrac{14}{\dfrac{0,5}{n}}=28n\left(g/mol\right)\)

Xét n = 2 thỏa mãn => M_A = 56 (g/mol)

=> A là Fe

b) 

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl₂ + H₂

          0,25<-0,5<----0,25<---0,25

=> n_{HCl(thực tế)} = \(\dfrac{0,5.110}{100}=0,55\left(mol\right)\)

=> m_{HCl(thực tế)} = 0,55.36,5 = 20,075 (g)

=> \(m_{dd.HCl}=\dfrac{20,075.100}{18,25}=110\left(g\right)\)

c) V_dd = \(\dfrac{110}{1,2}=\dfrac{275}{3}\left(ml\right)=\dfrac{11}{120}\left(l\right)\)

\(C_{M\left(dd.HCl.bđ\right)}=\dfrac{0,55}{\dfrac{11}{120}}=6M\)

- dd sau pư chứa HCl dư và FeCl₂

\(C_{M\left(FeCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,25}{\dfrac{11}{120}}=\dfrac{30}{11}M\)

\(C_{M\left(HCl.dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,55-0,5}{\dfrac{11}{120}}=\dfrac{6}{11}M\)

-

Fe₂O₃ + 6HCl --> 2FeCl₃ + 3H₂O

Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

- 

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200.18,25}{100.36,5}=1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

          0,2<----0,4<---------------0,2

            Fe₂O₃ + 6HCl --> 2FeCl₃ + 3H₂O

            0,1<-----0,6

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Mg=\dfrac{0,2.24}{0,2.24+0,1.160}.100\%=23,077\%\\\%Fe_2O_3=\dfrac{0,1.160}{0,2.24+0,1.160}.100\%=76,923\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{KOH}=0,45.0,4=0,18\left(mol\right)\\n_{hhX}=\dfrac{15}{100}=0,15\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=n_{hhX}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ Vì:1< \dfrac{n_{KOH}}{n_{CO_2}}=\dfrac{0,18}{0,1}=1,8< 2\\ \Rightarrow dd.sau.phản.ứng:K_2CO_3,KHCO_3\\ Đặt:n_{K_2CO_3}=a\left(mol\right);n_{KHCO_3}=b\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,1\\2a+b=0,18\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,08\\b=0,02\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow C_{MddK_2CO_3}=\dfrac{0,08}{0,4}=0,2\left(M\right)\\ C_{MddKHCO_3}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,4}=0,05\left(M\right)\)